Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Bava Batra 51

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1

כדנייד נכתמא אפומיה דחצבא

[must the house shake to constitute damage]? — Enough to make the lid of a pitcher rattle.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to others, 'as much as the lid shakes when the jar is held in the hands.' ');"><sup>1</sup></span>

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2

דבי בר מריון בריה דרבין כי הוה נפצי כיתנא הוה אזלא רקתא ומזקא אינשי אתו לקמיה דרבינא אמר להו כי אמרינן מודה ר' יוסי בגירי דיליה הני מילי דקא אזלא מכחו הכא זיקא הוא דקא ממטי לה

When the people in the house of Bar Marion the son of Rabin used to beat flax, the dust used to fly about and annoy people. They appealed to Rabina. He said to them: When we say that R. Jose admits that a man is responsible for damage of which he is the cause, this applies only to the case where he himself sets the cause of the damage in motion. Here it is the wind which carries the dust about, [and therefore they are not liable]. Mar, son of R. Ashi, strongly objected to this, saying: How do these man differ from a man winnowing [on Sabbath] when the wind carries the chaff further?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If a man winnows on Sabbath and the wind carries the chaff more than four cubits, he breaks the law regarding throwing on Sabbath. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>

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3

מתקיף לה מר בר רב אשי מאי שנא מזורה ורוח מסייעתו אמרוה קמיה דמרימר אמר להו היינו זורה ורוח מסייעתו

— The case was stated before Meremar. and he said: This is in fact on all fours with that of the man winnowing on Sabbath when the wind comes and helps him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore the flax-beating could be stopped. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>

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4

ולרבינא מאי שנא מגץ היוצא מתחת הפטיש והזיק דחייב לשלם התם ניחא ליה דליזל הכא לא ניחא ליה דליזל:

And how does Rabina<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who may say that a principle applying to a Sabbath prohibition does not necessarily apply to a trespass against property. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>

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5

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> לא יטע אדם אילן סמוך לשדה חבירו אלא אם כן הרחיק ממנו ארבע אמות אחד גפנים ואחד כל אילן היה גדר בינתים זה סומך לגדר מכאן וזה סומך לגדר מכאן

differentiate this case from that of the spark flying from the smith's hammer and doing damage, for which the smith is responsible?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This being also a trespass against property rendering the smith liable although the spark is carried by the wind. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>

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6

היו שרשים יוצאים לתוך של חבירו מעמיק ג' טפחים כדי שלא יעכב את המחרישה היה חופר בור שיח ומערה קוצץ ויורד והעצים שלו:

— [He could reply that] the smith is glad to see the spark fly out,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that it shall not damage his own smithy. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>

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7

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנא ארבע אמות שאמרו כדי עבודת הכרם אמר שמואל לא שנו אלא בארץ ישראל אבל בבבל שתי אמות תניא נמי הכי לא יטע אדם אילן סמוך לשדה חבירו אלא אם כן הרחיק ממנו שתי אמות והא אנן תנן ארבע אמות אלא לאו כדשמואל שמע מינה

but here the people beating the flax do not want the dust to fly about.

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8

ואיכא דרמי לה מירמא תנן לא יטע אדם אילן סמוך לשדה חבירו אלא אם כן הרחיק ממנו ארבע אמות והתניא שתי אמות אמר שמואל לא קשיא כאן בבבל כאן בארץ ישראל

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. A MAN SHOULD NOT PLANT A TREE [IN HIS OWN FIELD] CLOSE TO HIS NEIGHBOUR'S FIELD<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whether a corn field or an orchard. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>

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9

רבא בר רב חנן הוו ליה הנהו דיקלי אמיצרא דפרדיסא דרב יוסף הוו אתו צפורי יתבי בדיקלי ונחתי בפרדיסא ומפסדי ליה אמר ליה זיל קוץ אמר ליה והא ארחיקי לי אמר ליה הני מילי לאילנות אבל לגפנים בעינן טפי

UNLESS HE KEEPS IT AT A DISTANCE OF FOUR CUBITS; THIS APPLIES BOTH TO A VINE AND TO ALL OTHER TREES. IF THERE IS A FENCE BETWEEN THE TWO FIELDS, EACH MAY PLANT CLOSE UP TO THE FENCE ON HIS OWN SIDE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'This one may plant it close to the fence on this side, and this one etc.' because then there is no danger of Kilayim. V. supra 18a. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>

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10

והא אנן תנן אחד גפנים ואחד כל אילן אמר ליה ה"מ אילן לאילן וגפנים לגפנים אבל אילן לגפנים בעינן טפי

IF THE ROOTS [OF ONE MAN'S TREE] SPREAD INTO HIS NEIGHBOUR'S FIELD, [THE LATTER] CAN CUT THEM AWAY TO A DEPTH OF THREE HANDBREADTHS SO THAT THEY SHOULD NOT IMPEDE THE PLOUGH. IF HE DIGS A PIT, DITCH, OR CAVE, HE CAN CUT RIGHT DOWN [TO ANY DEPTH]. AND THE WOOD BELONGS TO HIM.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Gemara discusses which one is meant. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>

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11

אמר ליה אנא לא קייצנא דאמר רב האי דיקלא דטעין קבא אסור למקצייה ואמר ר' חנינא לא שכיב שכחת ברי אלא דקץ תאנתא בלא זימניה מר אי ניחא ליה ליקוץ

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. A Tannahas taught: The four cubits here mentioned are to allow space for the work of the vineyard.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., so that he can plough under his vine without encroaching on his neighbour's field. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>

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12

רב פפא הו"ל הנהו דיקלי אמיצרא דרב הונא בריה דרב יהושע אזל אשכחיה דהוה חפר וקא קאיץ שרשיו אמר ליה מאי האי אמר ליה תנן היו שרשים יוצאים לתוך של חבירו מעמיק שלשה כדי שלא יעכב המחרישה

Samuel said: This rule was only laid down for Eretz Yisrael; in Babylonia two cubits are sufficient.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because a shorter plough was used there. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>

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13

אמר ליה הני מילי שלשה מר קא חפר טפי אמר ליה אנא בורות שיחין ומערות קא חפרנא דתנן היה חופר בור שיח ומערה קוצץ ויורד והעצים שלו אמר רב פפא אמרי ליה כולהי ולא יכילי ליה

This is also stated in a Baraitha: 'A man should not plant a tree nearer than two cubits to his neighbour's field.' But does not our Mishnah say four? — It must be therefore as Samuel has explained. This argument is also stated in the form of a contradiction [which is afterwards reconciled, thus]: Our Mishnah says: A MAN SHOULD NOT PLANT A TREE CLOSE TO HIS NEIGHBOUR'S FIELD UNLESS HE KEEPS IT AT A DISTANCE OF FOUR CUBITS. But does not a Baraitha say two cubits? — Said Samuel: There is no contradiction. The Mishnah refers to Eretz Yisrael, the Baraitha to Babylon.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'here in Eretz Yisrael, here in Babylon.' ');"><sup>12</sup></span> Raba, son of R. Hanan, had some date trees adjoining a vineyard of R. Joseph. and birds used to roost on the date trees and fly down and damage the vines. So Raba, son of R. Hanan, told R. Joseph to cut down his date trees. Said the latter: But I have kept them [four cubits] away? This, replied the other, applies only to other trees, but for vines we require more. But does not our Mishnah say that THIS APPLIES BOTH TO VINES AND TO ALL OTHER TREES? Said he:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Raba. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> This is so where there are other trees or vines on both sides,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'a tree for a tree, and vines for vines, but a tree for vines, etc.' ');"><sup>14</sup></span> but where there are other trees on one side and vines on the other a greater space is required.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosaf. points out that R. Joseph could be held responsible only if he had planted the date trees as saplings, but not if they had grown from date stones. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> Said R. Joseph: I will not cut them down, because Rab has said that it is forbidden to cut down a date tree which bears a <i>kab</i> of dates, and R. Hanina has said, 'My son Shikhath only died because he cut down a date tree before it was dead.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., not its time.' ');"><sup>16</sup></span> You, Sir, can cut them down if you like. R. Papa had some date trees close to the field of R. Huna the son of R. Joshua. [One day] he found him<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'he went and found him.' ');"><sup>17</sup></span> digging and cutting out the roots. What [do you mean by] this? he said to him. He replied: We learnt: IF THE ROOTS SPREAD INTO HIS NEIGHBOUR'S FIELD, [THE LATTER] MAY CUT THEM AWAY TO A DEPTH OF THREE HANDBREADTHS SO THAT THEY SHOULD NOT IMPEDE THE PLOUGH. Said the other: [The Mishnah] only [says] three, but you. Sir, are going deeper. He replied: I am digging for pits. ditches, and caves, In regard to which we learnt: IF HE DIGS A PIT, DITCH, OR CAVE, HE CAN CUT RIGHT DOWN AND THE WOOD BELONGS TO HIM. Said R. Papa [subsequently]: I tried all kinds of argument with him, but I could not convince him

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